Swadesh 100-word list for Ingush

Conventions:
D- Agreeing gender prefix (d- class is citation form).
(v), (d), etc.: gender category of nouns.

* at right marks words whose initial consonants have little or no value in heuristic comparisons (because they are gender prefixes, or because -- in nouns -- they echo the gender of that noun, or because a single verb of the English gloss corresponds to a compound or complex predicate in Ingush).

All Ingush forms are given in the Ingush Practical Orthography.


1 I so (nominative case)
1a me aaz (ergative case)
2
2a
you hwo (nominative case)
wa (ergative case)
3
3a
we txo (excl.)
vaj (incl.)
4 this jer
5 that yz
6
6a
who mala
hwan- (oblique stem, e.g. erg. hwanuu)
7
7a
what fy
sie(n)- (oblique stem, e.g. gen. sien)
8
8a
8b
not -(a)c (suffix, in most indicative categories)
ca (preposed particle, in some moods)
ma (preposed particle, in imperative)
9 all D-erriga 'a [dariga 'a] *
10 many duqa * ?
11 one ca-w
12 two shi-'
13 big D-oaqqa *
14 long D-weaxa *
15 small zwamiga 'little'
loaca 'short'
16 woman qaalsag (j)
17 man mawasag (v)
18 person sag (v/j)
nax (plural) (b)
19 fish chq'eara (b)
20 bird hwazilgj (d)
21 dog zhwalii (d)
22 louse mez (b) *
23 tree ga (j)
24 seed gi (d)
25 leaf gha (d)
26 root ovla (b)
27 bark chwor (d)
28 skin c'uoka (d) (human skin)
nihw (d)
29 flesh dulx (d) ('meat') *
30 blood c'ii (d)
31 bone t'exk (j)
32 grease
oil, etc.
muhw (j)
deatta (d)

*
33 egg fu' (d)
34 horn muwa (j)
35 tail c'og (d)
36 feather bedargj (j)
37 hair mos (j) 'a hair'; mosazh (pl.) 'hair'
38 head kuorta (b)
39 ear lergj (d)
40 eye bwargj (b) *
41 nose merzh (j)
42 mouth bagie (j)
43 tooth cergj (j)
44 tongue mott (b) *
45 claw mwaar (j)
46 foot kog (b) (obl. kuog-) 'foot = leg'
47 knee guo (b)
48 hand kulgj (d) 'arm = hand'
49 belly kit (j)
50 neck foart (j)
51 breast(s) t'aar (b)
52 heart dog (d) *
53 liver dixk (d) *
54 drink mal-
55 eat D-u'- *
56 bite carg tuox- 'tooth strike' (Ergative agent, dative goal) *
57 see (bwarg) g-
58 hear xoz-
59
59a
know xov 'wissen'
D-owz- 'kennen'

*
60 sleep nab (nominal root; verb is compound: nab + D-u 'does sleep') *
61 die D-al- *
62 kill D-ie *
63 swim niek (nominal root; niek + D=u 'does swimming') *
64 fly (verb) ghatt- (punctual: 'get up, fly away')
65 walk liel-
D-uod 'go(es)'

*
66 come hwa + D-iel (hwa = preverb 'here, toward speaker') *
67 lie ul- mostly an auxiliary verb, cf.:
wa + D-iezhaa ull 'having lain, lies' (wa = preverb 'down')

*
68 sit D-aagha mostly an auxiliary verb, cf.:
wa + xajna D-aagha 'having sat, sits'
*
69 stand ura + laatt- (ura 'up')
70 give l- (present)
D-al- (past)

*
71 say aal-
72 sun maalx (b) *
73 moon butt (b) *
74 star siedq'a (b)
75 water xii (d)
76 rain dogha (d) *
77 stone qier (d)
78 sand ghum (j)
79 earth leatta (d)
80 cloud moarx (j)
81 smoke k'ur (b)
82 fire c'i (j)
83 ash joq' (j)
84 burn D-aag- (intrans., e.g. Maalx boag 'the sun shines') *
85 path niq' (b d)
86 mountain loam (b, d)
87 red c'ie
88 green beaccara ( < 'grass')
89 yellow wazhagha
90 white k'aj
91 black wearzha
92 night biisa (j)
93
93a
hot
warm
dwajx
mela
94 cold shiila
95 full D-izaa 'filled' *
96 new kerda
97 good dika
98 round gierga
99 dry jaq'a
100 name c'i (j)

Selected additional common words:

snow loa (d)
ice sha (b)
short loaca
tall laqa
narrow gotta
wide shiera
ant zungat (d)


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