Simulfactive and iterative of verbs.

Many Ingush verbs distinguish simulfactive (single action) from iterative (multiple action), usually by changing the stem vowel to ie (e in a closed syllable) but occasionally by other changes or by suppletion. There are a few unpaired iterative. The known iterative simple verbs are listed below, with their corresponding simulfactives. In the table below Noun = verbal noun and Converb = anterior converb.

Simulfactive: Iterative:

Present Noun Converb Present Noun Converb Gloss

1. Regular verbs

c'oudz c'ouzar c'eizaa c'uudz c'uuzar c'iizaa yelp

d.oal d.aalar d.eanna d.uul d.uular d.iinna start, go

d.oxk d.axkar d.äxkaa d.exk d.exkar d.iixkaa put down(pl.)

ghort ghortar ghertaa ghert ghertar ghiirtaa try

ghott ghattar ghättaa ghett ghettar ghiittaa fly away

hwaarch hwaarchar hwearchaa hwerch hwerchar hwiirchaa wrap

hwod hwadar hwädaa hwed hwiedar hwiidaa rush

hwodzh hwazhar hwäzhaa hwedzh hwiezhar hwiizhaa look at/after

hwoq hwaqar hwäqaa hweq hwieqar hwiiqaa wipe

hwoq hwuoqar hwieqaa hwuuq hwuuqar hwiiqaa show

hwoudz hwouzar hweizaa hwuudz hwuuzar hwiizaa turn around

karch karchar kärchaa kerch kerchar kiirchaa roll

ladogh laduoghar ladieghaa laduugh laduughar ladiighaa listen

lat latar lätaa let lietar liitaa adhere

long langar längaa leng lengar liingaa throw dice

loac laacar leacaa luuc luucar liicaa catch

loarh laarhar learhaa lerh lerhar liirhaa intend, count

lochq' lachq'ar lächq'aa lechq' lechq'ar liichq'aa conceal

lohwad.u lowhad.ar lohwad.ea liehwad.u liehwad.ar liehwad.ea gather

loq laqar läqaa leq lieqar liiqaa play music

lost/last lastar lästaa lest lestar liistaa incline

loudz louzar leizaa luudz luuzar liizaa play

loudzh louzhar leizhaa luudzh luuzhar liizhaa slide

lous lousar leisaa luus luusar liisaa churn, winnow

lox laxar läxaa lex liexar liixaa seek

mol malar männa mel mielar miinna drink

oag aagar eagaa eg iegar iigaa rock

ott ottar ettaa uutt uuttar iittaa stand

qast qastar qästaa qest qestar qiistaa rotate

qoss qossar qessaa quus quusar qiisaa cast

q'aag q'aagar q'eagaa q'eg q'iegar q'iigaa shine

q'aast q'aastar q'eastaa q'est q'estar q'iistaa divide

q'ad q'adar q'ädaa q'ed q'iedar q'iidaa stick out

q'odzh q'azhar q'äzhaa q'ezh q'iezhar q'iizhaa smile

q'oul q'oular q'eilaa q'uul q'uular q'iilaa close

q'ouq' q'ouq'ar q'eiq'aa q'uuq' q'uuq'ar q'iiq'aa thunder

q'ous q'ousar q'eisaa q'uus q'uusar q'iisaa argue

soc sacar säcaa sec siecar siicaa stop

sog sagar sägaa seg siegar siigaa catch fire

sott sattar sättaa sett settar siittaa bend

tab tabar täbaa teb tiebar tiibaa sneak up

tars tarsar tärsa ters tersar tiirsaa neigh

taw tawar tewaa tew tiewar tiiwaa be compressed

toq taqar täqaa teq tieqar tiiqaa crawl

tork/tark tarkar tärkaa terk terkar tiirkaa rock

toss tassar tässa tuus tuusar tiisaa throw

tott tattar tätta tett tettar tiittaa push

waax waaxar weaxaa wex wiexar wiixaa cry (of animal)

woudzh wouzhar weizhaa wuudzh wuuzhar wiizhaa hurt

xoast xaastar xeastaa xest xestar xiistaa praise

xoatt xaattar xeattaa xett xettar xiittaa ask

xoaxk xaaxkar xeaxkaa xexk xexkar xiixkaa ride

xordzh xarzhar xärzhaa xerdzh xerzhar xiirzhaa choose

xott xottar xettaa xett xettar xiittaa fasten

2. Suppletive and partly suppletive pairs

d.ahw d.ahwar d.iena quhw qahwar qihwaa carry, bring

d.oatt' d.aatt'ar d.eatt'aa ett' ett'ar iitt'aa tear

d.od d.adar d.ädda ud adar idaa / idda run

d.odzh d.uozhar d.iezhaa leg liegar liigaa fall down

d.uoda d.axar d.äxaa ux axar ixaa go

ec iecar iicaa iid.u iid.ar iid.ea buy

lu d.alar d.änna tel tielar tiinna give

oal aalar eanna d.uuc d.uucar d.iicaa tell

tox tuoxar tiexaa d.ett d.ettar d.iittaa strike

xou xaar xeina xuudzh xuuzhar xiizhaa sit down

" " " xuush xuushar xiishaa sit down

3. Unpaired iteratives

lel lielar liinna walk

xuuc xuucar xiicaa change

serd serdar siirdaa curse

The last of these has begun to form a phrasal simulfactive: sardam baaqqar 'curse (once)', literally 'take a curse'. There are probably many more such sets.