Course offerings in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology Required introductory courses in phonetics (Ling 110), phonology (Ling 211a) and historical linguistics (Ling 230), mainstays of the PPM curriculum, are offered every year. Also offered annually, and typically taken by students in their second year, is Morphology (Ling 215). Elective courses building on the introductory offerings in the PPM areas include experimental phonology (Ling 210), phonological theory (Ling 211b), and advanced phonetics and experimental phonology (Ling 212). Seminars in phonetics, phonology, and morphology (Ling 290) are also offered on a regular basis.